Feminism in Russia — eliminating discrimination against women and equalizing their rights with men
Russian feminism emerged in the 18th century under the influence of Western European education and the prominent role of women as symbols of democracy and freedom in the French Revolution, and was largely limited to the aristocracy. During the 19th century, feminist ideas were closely associated with revolutionary politics and social reform. Following the February Revolution of 1917, the feminist lobby achieved women”s suffrage and nominal equality in education and work in the 1960s and 1970s. Likewise, there is a large burden of housework, as well as inequality in income and earnings, inequality and inequality in income and earnings, inequality and inequality. However, during this period the feminist movement began to decline.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, feminist circles emerged among the intelligentsia, but this trend of Russian feminism still carries negative connotations among modern Russian women. In the 21st century, some Russian feminists, such as the punk rock group Pussy Riot, have re-engaged in revolutionary anti-government movements, such as in the 2012 demonstrations against President Vladimir Putin. The Russian Orthodox Church has called feminism a “mortal sin.”
The easing of restrictions on women”s education and personal freedom, introduced by Peter I in the 18th century, led to the emergence of a new class of educated women who began to create institutions such as libraries and clinics that would be important to future generations.
At the end of the 19th century, other aristocratic women began to move away from sophisticated public life, focusing on feminist reforms and devoting their energies to various societies and projects aimed at helping the poor in Russian society, including women. The issue of creating higher education courses for women began to be raised more and more often.
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Revolution and Soviet era
At the beginning of the 20th century, the focus of Russian feminism shifted from the aristocracy to the peasantry and working class. Young women — the evil of socialist ideology — began to organize trade unions consisting exclusively of women.
Between 1907 and 1917, the Teminist League, which fought for equal rights for women, was the most important organization in Russia. The association focused on issues of education and social welfare, but also insisted on equal conditions for women, including an electoral law equivalent to inheritance and the abolition of passport restrictions.
Feminism in Soviet society
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Women got enough, but it meant little. Abortion was legalized in 1920. In 1922, marital rape was made illegal. The law began providing paid maternity leave and created a national network of child care centers.
General Soviet ideology emphasized gender equality in work and education, but many Soviet women had jobs and degrees but did not participate in major political roles and institutions.
Glasnost and post-Soviet Russia
In the mid-1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev established propaganda and ensured freedom of speech. This openness led to a surge in women”s political activism, scientific research, and creative and business endeavors.
In the 1990s, Russian women were hesitant to use the term “feminist” to describe themselves. This is due to the fact that, in their opinion, it had a negative connotation throughout Russian history, especially after the revolution, when it was identified with the women of the “proletariat”. We only care about your career, not your family. Russian women”s activism in the 1990s was largely feminist. Women sought to improve their financial and social conditions through practical means. Women”s communities emerged from this struggle, and many women were able to voice their desire for jobs, fair treatment, and a political voice.
The collapse of the Soviet monolithic state was the death cry for many myths about the Soviet Union. However, one of the most persistent misconceptions continues to thrive. The emancipation of women in the first years of Soviet power was perceived by many as a simple fact. The most frequently cited evidence of equal rights is the large number of women working outside the home. Ultimately, however, work outside the home became a powerful tool for the enslavement of women, a situation that continues today. Far from achieving economic and professional equality, women are given key, low-paid and insecure positions.
