What determines the color of a person”s eyes? And how to determine character by eye color?
There are many shades of blue, grey, green, brown, dark brown, many people around the world, rainbow shell colors. Where do they come from and do they depend solely on the distribution of iris pigments? What else affects eye color?
Contents of the article:
- The main reason is melanin
- Why frequent exposure to sunlight does not cause changes
- Genetic factors
- Is it possible to have eyes of different colors?
- What do experts say about this?
- Research
- Research on the relationship between the character and shade of the iris
- Dark (black, brown) eyes
- Eyes brown and amber
- Blue eyes
- Eyes green
- Eyes are gray
The main reason is melanin
The shade directly depends on the content of melanin pigment — a dye present in the skin in different quantities in different people. Only skin color and fast or slow tanning, hair color, the number of moles on the skin and eye color can depend on this. The stronger the concentration of the dye, the darker the shade becomes.
People with dark hair often have dark irises, so their coloring will be many times less than that of the masses, blondes and redheads. In addition to the aesthetic problems that arise when coloring skin and hair, melanin performs an additional function — it receives ultraviolet rays (this is the cause of sunburn). When it comes to skin and hair tones, this relationship is very simple; in the eyes, slightly different rules apply. Nature often shows that eye and skin colors do not always perfectly match each other.
In addition to the pigment content of the iris, the cell density of the iris affects the shade of the eye. The density of the iris cells then determines how much of the underlying epithelial pigment is absorbed.
Why doesn”t frequent exposure to sunlight cause a change in shade?
Pigments in the organ of vision have completely different properties than pigments in the skin. When a person is often exposed to the rays of the sun, he does not have the slightest chance of changing his eye color to light (blue) or dark (brown or dark brown). And the point here is that the protective mechanisms of these organs do not create the possibility of an influx of ultraviolet radiation into these sensory organs (nature gave man the reflection of his eyelids in bright light).
Furthermore, the cornea concentrates sunlight and prevents it from passing through the iris. Otherwise, this can lead to risky damage to the sensory structures of the eye and loss of normal function.
Genetic factors
Heredity plays a significant role in determining the shade of the iris. In all cases, people with brown eyes can have dark-eyed offspring or (often) be born with green-eyed children. People with blue irises can have both light- and green-eyed children. This occurs due to the inheritance of a gene that determines the production of the required amount of pigment in the iris. A child”s eye color changes after the first six months of life. Therefore, it must gradually produce the required amount of pigment. The shade gradually darkens.
Is it possible to have eyes of different colors?
Of course, this is rare. Uneven pigment distribution in the eye (brown around the pupil and blue in the rest of the iris) is also rare. This is not considered a sign of disease, but in many cases it can be a sign of a genetic abnormality that may predispose to the development of eye diseases in the future. Only specialists who have studied the senses can refute such risks.
Several genes influence the color of the iris. Their combination results in various shades and colors that are difficult to clearly define.
The simplified theory of eye color inheritance taught in school assumes that when a dominant gene is passed on, people typically have dark eyes, while when a recessive gene is passed on, they typically have blue eyes. If a father carries both recessive and dominant genes, there is a 50% chance that the offspring will have either dark or white eyes. If both parents have blue eyes, the offspring will not have dark eyes. Such couples carry two recessive genes and therefore cannot pass on the dominant gene to their offspring.
What do experts say about this?
In fact, the shade depends on the amount of melanin and the ratio of eumelanin (dark brown dye) to pheomelanin (reddish dye). The OCA2 and HERC2 genes play the most important role in determining the color of the iris, but in addition to these, at least ten more genes are known that influence this characteristic. Ultimately, the final result depends on the interaction of all of them. Thus, blue-eyed parents may have children with brown irises. All children are born with blue eyes. Eye color usually stabilizes around six months of age.
Research
In 2006, the molecular basis of EYCL3 was analyzed. Scientists studying a group of 3, 839 people found that 74% of all eye color changes could be explained by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OCA2 gene. Recent studies have shown that SNPs are strongly associated with blue and green eyes, number of freckles, hair and skin color.
Read also: Blondes or brunettes — is color really important and what is it responsible for?
Hair color is assigned to a person at birth, but is finally formed by the end of puberty. Even in ancient times, it was believed that hair color could..
Eye color can vary from black to sky blue. Recognizing the need to standardize a simple but detailed and research-friendly classification system, anthropologists developed a grading system based on determining the predominant shade of the iris. Firstly, the presence of brown and yellow pigments is taken into account.
It is assumed that certain geographic regions of the world contain people with a certain predominant eye color. For example, Asians have very dark eyes, while typical Slavs have blue or gray eyes. Determining the color of a person”s eyes can be difficult. It changes depending on the lighting.
Some systems are based on three primary colors — brown, yellow and grey, and the ratio of these colors determines the color of the eyes. For example, a light brown iris has a predominant yellow color and contains an element of brown dye, while a blue iris contains little yellow dye and no brown particles at all. Green eyes, like blue eyes, contain significantly more yellow pigment. Gray eyes are exactly this shade because they have small flecks of brown dye, but very little yellow. Brown eyes look this way because they contain a large amount of brown dye.
Dark colors are most common (90%), blue is second (7%), and the ratio of gray to green is close, with 2% of the population most likely to have a shade of gray. Green is the rarest (1%).
The pigment mixture takes the form of a more or less uniform distribution of different shades of the iris (most often in the form of spots). It may also appear as a lighter iris surrounded by a dark brown border. With lighter shades, small inclusions of brown pigment may appear in the form of spots or a narrow rim around the pupil.
Purple color occurs in the eye as a result of mixing red and blue reflections. In fact, in such people, the iris may have a blue tint, and under the influence of lighting, blood vessels or appropriate makeup, it may simply resemble shades of purple.
One scientific explanation also suggests that purple eyes are associated with people suffering from leukoderma. They are born with a lack of pigmentation in their skin, hair, and iris. Due to the lack of pigmentation, the eyes take on a violet-blue or red tint.
Research on the relationship between the character and shade of the iris
Scientists have repeatedly tried to prove that eye color indicates certain character traits. They found that the color of the iris partially determines certain behaviors. Swedish scientists explain that the unusual combination of iris color and personality may be due to the fact that the eyes have many neurological connections to the brain.
Dark (black, brown) eyes
How can you determine a person’s character by eye color?
Interestingly, it has been proven that people with dark eyes require less sleep than others, but have a much harder time getting up in the morning. An additional feature is well-developed self-confidence and the ability to please others.
Eyes brown and amber
This color is considered the most difficult to describe, as it comes in such varied shades. Sometimes it”s almost green, sometimes golden. Scientists believe this complexity leads to complex personalities. People with this eye color are certainly unique, sensitive, and quite mysterious. It characterizes their independence and confidence, and they exhibit great spontaneity.
According to Australian researchers, this unique eye color is the result of liver dysfunction, so it”s not surprising that people with brown eyes are more likely to have digestive problems.
Blue eyes
People with blue eyes are undoubtedly sexy, but not necessarily highly intellectual. They tend to experience constant ecstasy. They are internally very strong and can withstand more than people with different iris colors. Furthermore, they have a cooler head, and alcohol doesn”t harm them as much as it does other people. Scientists have also found that, despite their apparent openness, they are quite sluggish.
Eyes green
This is the rarest and most unique shade. According to research, green irises are considered the sexiest and most attractive to others. People with green irises are among these individuals and are considered outstanding and highly intelligent.
They have a lot of energy and are highly creative, but generally calm. They aren”t afraid of running out of time. They make good, responsible friends and can be loyal life partners. They are generally calm, but can indulge in a little wildness and extravagance.
Green irises are considered to be the result of a small to moderate amount of melanin. This results in small dots of varying shades distributed throughout the iris, which appear blue in close light. Blue and brown together produce green, but there is no green pigment. A slightly higher amount of pigment can overpower the blue. If the pigment completely overpowers the blue, the eyes may appear brown. Green irises are uncommon, but are most common among Europeans, especially the Irish and Scandinavian countries. Among European Americans, green eyes are most common among people of Germanic descent. The eyes are gray
Eyes are gray
People with gray eyes are courageous in their professional activities, but have problems with courage in their personal lives. They are often lonely, isolated from others and cannot decide on strong relationships because they pay too much attention to the relationship between a man and a woman.
This is what your eye color says
